Often, women are unaware that they have uterine fibroids, as these growths are generally not considered dangerous and frequently cause no symptoms. However, the presence and severity of symptoms can differ depending on the individual and their family history. Notably, there are racial differences in the prevalence and impact of fibroids, though the reasons for these disparities are not fully understood.

While fibroids can affect women of any race, research indicates that African American women face a threefold higher risk of developing leiomyoma compared to white women. They are more likely to be diagnosed at a younger age, and their fibroids tend to be larger and grow more quickly. African American women also experience more severe symptoms, such as bleeding and pelvic pain, and are more frequently subjected to surgical treatments. Additionally, there are ethnic variations in treatment responses and associated complications.

Women with larger fibroids may experience a sense of heaviness in the lower abdomen or pelvis, often described as a vague discomfort rather than sharp pain. Enlarged uteruses can also cause discomfort during activities like bending or exercising.

Uterine fibroids are generally rounded masses made of smooth muscle tissue. Sometimes, they can be attached by a stem, resembling mushrooms. These fibroids can develop as a single mass or in clusters, with sizes ranging from as small as 1 mm or the size of a pea, to as large as a lemon, orange, or even a football. A uterus filled with fibroids can make a woman look pregnant and feel bloated. Fibroids can appear in various forms within the uterus, including intramural, subserosal, submucosal, and pedunculated types. Although their sizes vary, some fibroids can grow large enough to press against nearby organs.

If not addressed, uterine fibroids may keep growing in size and quantity. As the fibroids expand within the uterus, your symptoms will likely worsen. You may experience increased pain from the fibroids, heavier menstrual bleeding, and more intense cramping. Additionally, the abdomen might become swollen, which can put extra pressure on the bladder, colon, nerves, and lower spine, leading to issues like incontinence or frequent urination, constipation, and back pain.